Monday, December 30, 2019

Literary Review of Bram Stokers Dracula Essay - 1230 Words

Review of Bram Stoker’s Dracula Prior to the creation of the literary classic â€Å"Dracula†, Bram Stoker spent his time managing the Lyceum Theatre and legendary actor Henry Irving. According to Jennifer Dorn, when the novel was first published in 1897, critics regarded it as a â€Å"pulp fiction potboiler† (Dorn). The novels declaration as a literary masterpiece came many years later. A graduate of Trinity college, Stoker came from a middle class Irish family, the son of a civil servant. The publication â€Å"The Literary World of Bram Stoker,† by Jennifer Dorn, declares that Stokers vision of the setting of London’s Victorian upper-class society, derived from his station in the acclaimed Lyceum Theatre and from his memories of summer travels to the†¦show more content†¦Though you will find that many of his novels â€Å"explore woman’s entrapment within domestication and subjection and their dangerous and sometimes violent attemp ts to escape from this restriction.† (Wikipedia, Gothic Fiction). This could leave the reader wondering if Stoker was really a sexist or a secret applauder to the feminist movement by creating female characters who exhibit such independence. There are many interpretation of Stokers inspiration for the characters in Dracula, and of the Count himself. According to a biography written by Barbara Belford, Stoker based his dark vampire character on his actor friend and employer, Henry Irving. Stokers â€Å"slavish devotion† to the actor can be compared to the relationship between Renfield and the Count (Miller). In the novel, Renfield is driven mad with powerful loyalty to the Count. Belford insinuates in â€Å"The Biography of the Author of Dracula,† that the relationship between Irving and Stoker was of the same dominate nature. Belford goes forward to declare that the Stoker slyly includes in his novel repressed homoerotic and sexual tendencies, possibly his own, that were forbidden by society standards of that time. This issue brought forth the fears of societal sexual independence in the Victorian era. Another speculation for the inspiration of the Count Dracula in Stokers novel is of the Prince of Wallachia, Vlad III. He ruled over what is now known as Romania during the yearsShow MoreRelatedAbraham Stoker and Theater1231 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham (Bram) Stoker began his life bedridden, weak, and helpless. Stoker, third of seven children, was born in Clontarf, a suburb of Dublin, on November 8, 1847 (Whitelaw 9). His parents were Abraham Stoker, from Dublin, and Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley, who was raised in County Sligo (â€Å"Bram Stoker†). He spent most of his early childhood laying in bed, watching his brothers and sisters play outside through a dusty old window. â€Å"As a child, he wondered if he would get sicker--if he would endRead MoreHow Dracula Is The Most Famous Literary Vampire1658 Words   |  7 Pages An Immortal Soul: Why Dracula is the Most Famous Literary Vampire The title character and antagonist of Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula is an easily recognizable character in the Western canon. Without ever reading the book or watching any of the countless movie adaptations, people will craft vampire characters with feelings and behaviors nearly identical to those of Dracula. However, Dracula’s success is not because it was the first novel of its kind. Vampiric literature had been around forRead MoreDraculas Book Report Essays1276 Words   |  6 PagesBram Stoker Bram Stoker (1847-1912) is best known as the author of Dracula. Abraham Stoker was born in Clontarf, Ireland in 1847. He was a sickly child, bedridden for much of his boyhood. As a student at Trinity College, however, he excelled in athletics as well as academics, and graduated with honors in mathematics in 1870. He worked for ten years in the Irish Civil Service, and during this time contributed drama criticism to the Dublin Mail. Despite an active personal and professional life,Read MoreAbraham Bram Stoker: A Brief Biography705 Words   |  3 PagesAbraham Bram Stoker, born in Dublin on November 8, 1847, was an Irish novelist, theatre critic and short story writer. As a child, Stoker was often ill and he spent most of his time in bed. His mother, who was as a charity worker and a writer, told him horror stories that, most likely, had influenced his later writings. The ones he found most interesting were the stories about the cholera epidemic in 1832, which killed thousands of peop le in Europe and North America. In 1864, Stoker enrolled at theRead MoreEssay about Bram Stoker1449 Words   |  6 PagesBram Stoker Bram Stoker unleashed his horrific creation on an unsuspecting world over one hundred years ago. One could hardly imagine that his creature of the night would delight and inhabit the nightmares of every generation between his and ours. Count Dracula has become an icon of evil, and is perhaps the most widely recognized bogeyman in all of world literature. To date, there have been over one hundred films made about Dracula or other assorted vampires, not to mention countless novelsRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Dracula And Bram Stoker s `` Dracula ``1886 Words   |  8 PagesWhitman has inspired people with his literary work by addressing his views and expectations to the future generation. Not only was his circular connection relating the reader to his poems, but the realistic truths and observations in these poems revealed deep confessions, which affected the reader’s personal feelings and opinions. Expanding further than American readers and writers, Whitman had establ ished an impact worldwide. Writers such as Oscar Wilde and Bram Stoker, two Irishmen that know of Whitman’sRead MoreBram Stokers Dracula: A Variation of a Classic Work in Modern Time1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death of his one true love, as he chose to become the undead. Director, Francis Ford Coppola, in his work, â€Å"Bram Stoker’s Dracula†, reaches beyond the words to prove Dracula was more than a monster in creating the movie. Coppola focuses on Dracula as a man, as well as a knight, who is both deeply in love with his church and his bride. The historical elements in the writings of Bram Stoker come to life more so in Coppola’s work with the movie, than in the book. My goal of this paper is to proveRead MoreComparing Bram Stoker’s Dracula and the 1972 Film Blacula Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesBram Stoker’s Dracula is not only a classic story of men and monsters, but a dramatic reactionary work to the perceived threats to Victorian society in nineteenth century England. In modern times there have been many film adaptations of the novel, each developing a unique analysis or criticism of the literary text within the framework of the society and time period in which it was created. The 1972 film Blacula is one of the most culturally specific variations on the story of Dracula, and highlightsRead MoreDifferent Perception of Women: Dracula by Bram Stoker1850 Words   |  8 PagesIn the late 19th century, when Dracula by Bram Stoker is written, women were only perceived as conservative housewives, only tending to their family’s needs and being solely dependent of their husbands to provide for them. This novel portrays that completely in accordance to Mina Harker, but Lucy Westenra is the complete opposite. Lucy parades around in just her demeanor as a promiscuous and sexual person. While Mina only cares about learning new things in order to assist her soon-to-be husband JonathanRead MoreEssay on The Effec ts of Modern Vampires on Society1980 Words   |  8 Pagesbought the first book because I was wondering why this genre is so famous. I was surprised and I continued reading. Then I researched further. I was a kind of skeptical, but also addicted reader. Finally, I made a conclusion that Bram Stoker, the author of the novel â€Å"Dracula† is certainly turning over in his grave. After I got used to the fact that in this century vampires in literature are vegetarians, spark in the sunlight, all of them are attractive creatures with a 17-year-old body, but with a 104

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Witchcraft Hysteria Of Salem, Massachusetts - 891 Words

When one thinks of the word ‘witch’ today, one pictures a withered old crone from fairytales or a Halloween costume. In short, people associate a witch immediately with fiction. However, in Europe, witches were a very real threat. Between 1400 and 1800, historians estimate that upwards of 50,000 people were killed after being convicted as witches in Europe (Give Me Liberty, p. 109). As colonists settled in North America, they not only brought new customs, plants, animals, and diseases, they brought their superstitions. Witch executions were relatively rare in America, that is, until the 150 convictions and 19 executions of witches that took place in Salem, Massachusetts beginning in 1691 (Orr, September 30, 2015). Though the causes of the mania are still hotly debated even today, the primary cause of the witchcraft hysteria that captivated Salem, Massachusetts in the 1690’s was socioeconomic tensions within the community. The town of Salem was actually split up in to two distinctly separate settlements. The village of Salem was characterized by farmers who depended heavily, if not exclusively, on agriculture for their livelihoods. The town of Salem, as it was situated on the water, was comprised primarily of well-off merchants. The two technically made up the same town, but it was as if there was a boundary line separating them. This divide was not just one of housing; the incomes of the village and the town were vastly different. The town inhabitants made much more moneyShow MoreRelatedWitchcraft Hysteria By Laurie Winn Carlson1307 Words   |  6 Pagesto see real witchcraft, you watch people protecting their comfort, their beliefs.† This quote is saying if you want to truly understand someone, learn about what they believe in. It all began in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The accusations toward people who were thought to be witches was on the rise. These would not be the kind of witches a person would think about in today s world, bu t women and men who were put on trial for witchcraft hysteria, which in turn caused mass hysteria. Based on theRead MoreThe Hysteria of Salem Witchcraft Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hysteria of Salem Witchcraft Although there has been a long history of witchcraft, the main concentration is from the periods of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the British North American colonies alone there were over 100 witchcraft trials alone, were 40 percent of the accused were executed. Now two professors, Carol F. Karlsen of history and Kai T. Erikson of sociology, examine the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria to see if it was caused by a fear of women and give two entirelyRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Of 16921281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a sequence of hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of people who were thought to be involved in witchcraft in Massachusetts. These trials occurred between February 1692 and May 1693(The Salem Witch Trials, 1692. ). The Trials resulted in the execution of twenty people, in fact, most of them were women. The first of the trials began in several towns in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, such as Salem Village (currently known as Danvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover(SalemRead MoreEssay on Salem Witch Trials Of 16921061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials of 1692 In colonial Massachusetts between February of 1692 and May of 1963 over one hundred and fifty people were arrested and imprisoned for the capital felony of witchcraft. Trials were held in Salem Village, Ipswich, Andover and Salem Town of Essex County of Massachusetts, but accusations of witchcraft occurred in surrounding counties as well. Nineteen of the accused, fourteen women and five men, were hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem Village. Hysteria had swept throughRead MoreTerror Of A Mass Hysteria Hoax1082 Words   |  5 Pagesmass hysteria hoax. During the sixteenth century, witch trials caused the deaths of thousands as chaos spread throughout Europe. Many European villages in history have witnessed witch executions and the imprisonment of suspected witches. The Crucible, along with the Salem Witch Trials and the European witch trials, have many similarities and differences that make them both memorable and important. The Salem Witch Trials lasted from, roughly, February 1692 to May of 1963. The trials in Salem wereRead MoreEssay on Witchcraft in the Small Village of Salem1585 Words   |  7 PagesWitchcraft was as a capital crime in seventeenth-century New England. Madness over witchcraft was caused by a group of girls (Kent 95). Witchcraft was considered a terrible crime throughout Europe; its punishment was death by hanging or burning (Dolan 8). Everyone in the village of Salem believed in witchcraft, and only a few had tried to use it (Kent 18). In 1692, Salem Village panic was a major event in United States history which will never be forgotten. The people of Salem were caught up in aRead MoreReasons Behind The Salem Witch Trials1568 Words   |  7 PagesFrawley April 30, 1017 Reasons behind the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 The Salem Witch Trials were a series of trials in the 1690s which accused society members of practicing witchcraft, they took place in Salem, Massachusets. What caused this mass hysteria to occur? Some contributing factors could include some socio-economic reasons, an overbearing Puritan society and the influential sense that witchcraft was taking place all over the world. Massachusetts was settled by English puritans, faithfulRead MoreSalem Witch Trials Research Paper1340 Words   |  6 Pages(Gurteen). The Salem witch trials began in the Spring of 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. A group of young girls, who claimed to be possessed by the devil, began accusing a few women of witchcraft, which caused hysteria among the people in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Approximately 150 people were convicted of practicing witchcraft, 19 were hanged at Gallows Hill, and others died in captivity (â€Å"Salem Witch Trials†). These tragic events lead to the convictions of many innocent people in Salem VillageRead MoreThe Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1463 Words   |  6 PagesPuritan society: a group of English reformed protestants who pursued the Purification of the Church of England. Among these issues, is the hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials that prosecuted women to be found worshippers of the devil. The Puritans found the necessity to exercise this crusade in order to stay by their moral codes of conformity which included witchcraft to be the greatest crime, punishable by death. However, the true reasons of the trials was not to simply follow their religious constitutionsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : A Dark Period1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials was a very dark period in our history that occurred in the colony of Salem, Massachusetts. These trials began in February 1692 and ended in May of 1693. There were over two hundred individuals who were accused of practicing witchcraft. Of those two hundred accused, nearly twenty innocent souls were lost. This was one of the most severe cases of mass hysteria in recorded history. There was a great effort exhorted by the Massachusetts General Court to declare a guilty verdict

Friday, December 13, 2019

Comparison Between the Yellow Wallpaper and Tell-Tale Hearts Free Essays

Jaime Macias Professor Whalen English 1B 22 October 2012 Critical Thinking Log 2: Short Story #2 Madness within the human psyche goes hand and hand when the names Edgar Allen Poe and Charlotte Perkins Gilman are spoken. The stories â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman are both prime examples of how 19th century authors provoked the ideas of paranoia and mental deterioration within troubled narrators. These disorders can be compared in reference to when each character makes its discovery, the similarities can be drawn from discovering these comparisons in mental state, and then differences between â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† can be broadcasted. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between the Yellow Wallpaper and Tell-Tale Hearts or any similar topic only for you Order Now In â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart,† Poe’s story through the eyes of an obsessive madman, this is very similar to the protagonist in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Gilman. Because of the narrators’ delusional states, it makes it difficult to differentiate between actual events or from those that occur through the distraught mental state of each narrator. Each character discovers and comes to admittance of their mental disability at different intervals of the stories. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† has madness declared at the very beginning of the story when the narrator proclaims â€Å"†¦I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them. † (Poe 81). In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman gradually develops the obsession and the disorder in the narrator’s mental state. The narrator describes the house they have moved into for the summer in the beginning as being, â€Å"The most beautiful place! â€Å"It is quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the village. † (Gilman 88). As the narrator examines every inch of the house, she comes to the wallpaper and that’s when the obsession begins. â€Å"I never saw a worse paper in my life. † She continues by stating â€Å"One of those sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin. † (Gilman 89) It is here where she describes the wallpaper with detail and begins her descent into mental corrosion. One of the most obvious differences lies in the writing style of Edgar Allen Poe and Gilman, but many of the ideas circle around similar topics. How to cite Comparison Between the Yellow Wallpaper and Tell-Tale Hearts, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Involved Environment The Natural Resources †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Involved Environment The Natural Resources? Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility entails the all the activities that companies engage in outside their primary purpose at the time of formation. It involves the organization's participation in activities such as assisting in waste management within their geographical areas of operation, provision of non-monetary benefits to the workers, engaging in programs that are aimed at helping the less fortunate in society among others. All these activities have a direct impact on the well being of the company (Muthu, 2014). This paper will elaborate the financial implications that enterprises that have CSR initiatives go through. Companies should consider a range of factors before they tend to engage in the CSR initiatives. Organizations' Adoption of CSR Many corporations, especially in the private sector, carry out businesses with the sole purpose of marketing the profit. The shareholders can only accept to invest in corporate responsibilities if it will have a positive impact on their portfolio and hence increase shareholder investment (Kallio, 2007). Most organizational heads hold the view that when their entities engage in social responsibilities, it leads to them commanding respect among the peers in the industry they are operating in. Therefore, the CSR activities give the organization a competitive advantage over other players. Also, the CSR will, in the long run, lead to an increase in the volume of the sales as more clients will be aware of the products being offered. This is simply due to the closeness that the final consumers will feel with the company that has participated in social responsibilities. It should be noted that impact of the increase in profits will not be a one-time affair. The realization of the invested capital will be realized gradually. This paper will discuss on how firms that engage in Social Corporate Responsibility (C.S.R) will not automatically lead to improved corporate financial performance. The CSR enhances employee loyalty and attracts a better workforce. Workers are naturally drawn to entities that are inclined to improving the standards of the individuals and the surrounding in which they reside (Osterwalder Pigneur, 2010). When the employees are satisfied with both the internal and external environment, then they drastically improve their productivity leading to a maximization of shareholder wealth. An organization can participate in corporate responsibility to the workers through giving out of non-monetary benefits. They include medical insurance, retirement packages, and other fringe benefits. All these expenses incurred by a company are costly to sustain, and they will significantly reduce the profitability of a company (Sasse Trahan, 2007). This will lead to the company gaining a competitive disadvantage over other players in the industry. The Stakeholder Theory The heads of the various organizations should ensure that it balances the desires of stakeholders. These aspects are outlined in by the stakeholder theory. Freeman advanced this theory. He argues that the management should ensure all stakeholders interests are taken care of and a balance apparently struck out. In case of dissatisfaction of any group will easily result to affecting the economic output of the business and in so doing affect the future performance of the entity. The theory emphasizes that the managers should take into consideration all the groups that have a stake in the company. If one group of the primary stakeholders feel left out, then it may try as much as possible to reduce the benefit enjoyed by the other entity. Organizations today are forced to show that their business stands for something more than just profits. The need to prove that the activities which the company engage in are adding some value, or even at least do not negatively affect the community aroun d them. Engaging in CSR changes the focus of the company from its core purpose at inception. The sole purpose of starting entities is to make the profit. Hence, CSR results to the diversion of funds from the sole objective of increasing returns and hence affecting financial growth as resources are utilized in improving the image of the company. The gains from this exercise that is difficult to determine. Usually, firms engage in improving the welfare of the local community at the expense of the profit making goal. These activities may include among others a reduction of the pollution effect to the immediate environment. Drawbacks of CSR In as much as CSR is a good activity for adoption by the business organizations, it is also associated with various drawbacks. Corporate social responsibility may also lead to the disrepute of the company. CSR requires the businesses to disclose the side effects of the products and services they supply to the market (Henderson, 2007). For instance, the Samsung Company had to withdrawal some of the phones from the market since their batteries in the market started to explode. This act affected the reputation of the company as one of the leading entities in the mobile phone industry. Their withdrawal greatly reduced their volume of sales and hence the profitability levels (Perkmann Spicer, 2010). Additionally, the CSR activities of Samsung regarding the situation creates inconvenience to the final consumers of the company products and a reduction of trust with the respective manufacturer of the defective products (Atakan Eker, 2007). Also, Coca -Cola Company released information on the chemicals found in their soft drinks the corporate responsibility, but this ended up in lowering their reputation and hence a reduction in the revenue. CSR activities may increase the cost of production. Programs of CSR requires intensive expenditure to implement.Hence, this stretches the profits of a company. It's worth noting that the additional expenses incurred by an entity will automatically be shifted to the final consumer leading to an increase in price that the consumers will pay for it. However, it's essential to note that the increase in expenditure in most cases affects the small and medium enterprises. Large corporations may not necessarily increase their prices since they cushioned as the large produce volume of output (Horrigan, 2010). CSR results to customer cynic. For the start businesses that engage in these activities leads to a positive effect on their customers opinions regarding the companys products. The consumers like the fact that the programs are for a good cause (Roberts, 2007). However, if they fail to see immediate results of these activities, they become wary of these actions, and in the long run, it will be difficult to convince them that the company had good intentions since the results are not felt as quickly as they are expected. Most customers at this stage start to have a negative attitude towards the company offering CSR and hence will automatically lead to a reduction in sales volume and furthermore the profit levels. It affects staff morale. For a company to engage and offer quality CSR services, then it has to increase the workload of its workers. Employees will be required to work long hours with no increase in remuneration (Parmar, 2014). Usually, workers need motivation for them to offer extra services and if they are not provided with the same, then they have no alternative but quit and look for better avenues. The given company will have to incur more costs in recruitment and training of new staff. Hence, this will affect to a great deal the profitability levels of the enterprise and a stagnation of the shareholder wealth. The corporate social responsibility affects the interests of the shareholders. Proper implementation of this process requires that the entities implementing it undergo through a range of changes in the way operations are run. The company will be required to hire an additional workforce to manage the CSR initiatives (Maak, 2007). It will also entail an increased level of reporting more especially on the financial implication of the CSR activities. All these changes require intensive capital for them to be successful. Individuals who are against this initiative hold the opinion that all these funds to implement the CSR policy come directly from the pockets of the shareholders. Opponents of this initiative argue that CSR activities incur an immense greater cost in comparison to the little measurable return from them. The exercise involves incurring of many expenses. Many companies are not willing to fully engage in CSR activities due to the associated costs that come a long with it. While implanting CSR initiatives firms have to heavily pay for environmental programs in the local areas they operate in, pay for the employee's welfare through the medical insurances schemes and also staff training. Moreover, they have to engage in activities that ensure effective waste management programs. All these activities require intensive financing (Pickett Wilkinson, 2009). CSR activities may antagonize the expectations of shareholders, and this will make them have a negative perception of the investors'. Organizations from time immemorial have a primary objective of ensuring the value of shareholders is maximized, therefore; the company managers must make sure they strike a balance between the main goal of the company and the CSR initiatives to benefit other stakeholders (Aver Cadez,2009). The willingness of the investors to commit their finances may differ. Investors may shy away from investing in entities that engage in CSR activities because it is a costly activity (Artiach, Lee, Nelson, Walker, 2010). It leads to a company experiencing competitive disadvantages. For a company to effectively implement the CSR initiatives, it has to reorganize the way it operates regarding the working model logistics. Working with a completely new paradigm may turn out to be an obstacle in the way the business works. For instance, a company that implements the CSR initiative will be incurring additional costs to implement strict regulations on its products to meet the CSR requirements thereby becoming disadvantaged in comparison to another company in the same sector but pays no attention to CSR initiatives (Balmer, Fukukawa Gray, 2007). The primary function of the private organizations is to maximize the profit of the shareholders. Given that this is the primary objective, it makes it difficult for them to incorporate and implement the social responsibility accounting system aspect. This is simply because application of the policy requires a substantive amount of resources (Innovation in India, 2007). This entails both the reorganization of the entity and revamping the new sector to engage in CSR activities which are very expensive in the long run. Firms will be going against this principle of profit maximization. The main stakeholders will at all costs ensure that the business remains steadfast in the provision of services and quality products without forgetting that it should be driven by the profit levels appetite. Several entities often report on the CSR policies and activities. This is to lure more customers to embrace their products as the implied to be closer and beneficial to the final consumer.They need to go a step further and compare the resources that they had initially put in these CSR projects to make a worthy finding of if they are real beneficial and should be encouraged. It's important to note however that it's not that easy to measure the gains from these activities. CSR performance can be assessed by entities through benchmarking with other organizations in the same sector and also other sets of organizations. How Businesses can Measure their CSR Financial Performance Initial expenditure the firms engaged in carrying out the CSR initiative measured against the final profits realized in a given financial period to establish if the firm has gained. The first one is by establishing the degree of executive engagement.The organization should not overlook the human capital that it deploys to implement the organization CSR initiatives. This is essential because the said staff could have been involved in running the day today activities of the organization hence contributing to the direct benefit of the company (Aras, Aybars, Kutlu, 2010). The rank of the staff should also be considered as these activities majorly involve the management cadre to drive the CSR initiative. Finally, the organizations should do a comparison of CSR objectives against the outcomes. This will be a clear indicator of knowing whether the company's resources yielded the outcomes intended and if not, the entity should be able to pinpoint the reasons as to why. Other organizations in most cases abuse the CSR initiative. These firms engage in activities of hoodwinking the public that they are carrying out beneficial activities and in the real sense they are not. This is through practicing of weak CSR initiatives a phenomenon called green washing.' This entails organizations utilizing more of their resources in advertising the activities they have engaged in being environmentally friendly than those resources they have put in CSR initiatives. Conclusion In conclusion, it's evident to note that from the preceding discussion managers of organizations have to ensure that tread very carefully before engaging in the CSR initiatives. The influence of it on the financial performance has been a point of concern to the top level management. It's worthy noting that the benefit that organization gets from engaging in CSR initiatives cannot be empirically measured. Hence, managers should first prioritize profit maximization as opposed to CSR initiatives as its benefits are a gradual benefit. References Aras,G.,Aybars,A., Kutlu,O.(2010).Investigating the relationship between the corporate social responsibility and the financial performance in emerging markets.Managing corporate performance,59,229254. Artiach,T.,Lee,D.,Nelson,D., Walker,J.(2010).The determinants of corporate sustainability performance. Accounting and Finance,50,3151. Atakan, M. Eker, T. (2007). Corporate identity of a socially responsible university: A case from the Turkish higher education sector. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 55-68. Aver,B., Cadez,S.(2009).Management accountants' participation in the strategic management processes: A cross industry comparisons. Balmer, M., Fukukawa, K., Gray, E. (2007). 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(2010).Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, the game changers, and challengers. New Jersey: John Wiley. Google Scholar Parmar, K. (2014). The IOU Project. In MA Gardetti ME Girn (Eds.), the Sustainable luxury and social entrepreneurship - stories from the pioneers. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.Google Scholar Perkmann, M. Spicer, A. (2010). What are business models? Developing a theory of the performative representations. In: Nelson Phillips, Graham, Dorothy Griffiths (eds.) Technology and Organization: Essays in the Honour of Joan Woodward. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 29, 265275. Phuket, Thailand, after the Indian Ocean tsunami. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(1), 228-239. Pickett, K. Wilkinson, R. (2009). Health and major inequality themes in health and social welfare. London: Routledge Roberts, P. (2007). What is the corporate responsibility? Hospitality, (6), 54-55. Sasse, C. Trahan, R. (2007). Rethinking the new corporate philanthropy. Business Horizons, 50 (1), 29-38.